Questão número 637524

As far as motivation is concerned, Jeremy Harmer says that:
        "At its most basic level, motivation is some kind of internal drive which pushes someone to do things in order to achieve something. As H Douglas Brown points out, a cognitive view of motivation includes factors such as the need for exploration, activity, stimulation, new knowledge, and ego enhancement (Brown 2000: 160-166). (...)
        Marion Williams and Richard Burden suggest that motivation is a 'state of cognitive arousal' which provokes a 'decision to act' as a result of which there is 'sustained intellectual and/or physical effort' so that the person can achieve some 'previously set goal' (Williams and Burden 1997: 120). They go on to point out that the strength of that motivation will depend on how much value the individual places on the outcome he or she wishes to achieve". We can infer that:

• A.

  motivation is caused not only by a number of internal factors, such as the desire of feeling better but also by amorphous powerless goals;

• B.

  most researchers have come to view that motivation is ultimately the reason why learners hardly ever come to master a foreign language;

• C.

  the adult who starts going to a gym may hope that a new body image will aid ego enhancement and be stimulated by the active nature of this new undertaking;

• D.

  in discussion of motivation an accepted distinction is made between extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation, that is motivation which comes respectively from inside and from outside;

• E.

  at the beginning of any course, with students at whatever level and whatever age, the teacher is faced with students who have all a strong motivation.