Questão número 637527

When considering learner autonomy and teacher development, Jeremy Harmer says that:

 "However good a teacher may be, students will never learn a language or anything else unless they aim to learn outside as well as during class time. This is because language is too complex and varied for there to be enough time for students to learn all they need to in a classroom. (...) As David Nunan suggests, not everything can be taught in class (Nunan 1988a:3), but even if it could a teacher will not always be around if and when students wish to use the language in real life (Cotterall 1995:220).

To compensate for the limits of classroom time and to counter the passivity that is an enemy of true learning, students need to develop their own learning strategies, so that as far as possible they become autonomous learners. This does not always happen automatically. Attitudes to self-directed learning are frequently conditioned by the educational culture in which students have studied or are studying (...)" (p.335). We can infer that:

• A.

  teachers will always encounter passive resistance if they attempt to impose self-directed learning inappropriately;

• B.

  depending on the cultural context the student finds himself/herself in, autonomy of action is not always considered a desirable characteristic;

• C.

  students will be equally successful as autonomous learners because learning styles do not vary;

• D.

  even the less enthusiastic learner is likely to continue studying on his/her own after the course has finished;

• E.

  if a student signs a 'learner contract' with his / her teacher, he / she will learn everything during class time.